Sal Mangione will intervene, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine and Director History of Medicine Series, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia.

In the light of some historical events ranging from the Nazi Holocaust to the present day, the speaker will try to answer this dramatic question: why, other things being equal, do some doctors and nurses become heroes, while others become criminals?

This presentation will review the role of physicians during the Holocaust, present experimental evidence supporting the "banality of evil", and lastly analyze personality traits of physicians that paradoxically put them at risk for being perpetrators rather than rescuers.