Finite element model for the study of shoulder instability
Project objectives
The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the human body, capable of allowing a wide range of movements that facilitate the performance of daily activities. Unfortunately it is also the most unstable joint. The frequency of dislocations is 2% in the population between 18 and 70 years old.
Our knowledge about the elements that confer stability to the shoulder, and their contribution to the biomechanics of the joint, is far behind what is already known for other joints, such as the knee. The elements that give stability to the shoulder are classified into static (ligaments and contact surfaces) and dynamic (rotator cuff). However, it is not clear what role each of them plays.
The aim of this project is to study the biomechanics of the shoulder in order to describe in detail the forces that determine its stability. To do this, a computerized three-dimensional geometric model of the "ball and socket" type was created. This model has made it possible to clarify the significance of glenohumeral congruence for shoulder stability and to define the anatomical relationships at risk of dislocation. The model will subsequently be implemented in order to progressively modify the various elements considered responsible for the stability of the shoulder, starting from the glenoid labrum, the capsule, the ligaments and finally the rotator cuff. It is a study with finite element analysis which allows to examine the forces and the contact surfaces between the glenoid and the humerus, varying one parameter at a time, so as to be able to quantify the effect on the stability of the joint. This study will not only clarify the biomechanics of the joint, but will also provide basic elements for estimating the risk of dislocation. Future developments also include the possibility of simulating different types of bone and ligament injuries, as well as different surgical techniques, in order to determine the best possible treatment for the patient.
Start and end date
February 2013 - January 2014
Project managers
Prof. Vincenzo Denaro - Coordinator
Coordinating institution of the project
Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma
Other Institutions involved in the project
Biomechanics Laboratory and Department of Orthopedics Mayo Clinic (Rochester - MN, USA)